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In vitro biocompatibility testing of polymers for orthopaedic implants using cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts
C Morrison1, R Macnair, C MacDonald
1Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, Glasgow, UK.
Biomaterials
|September 1, 1995
Summary
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) shows superior biocompatibility for hip prostheses compared to epoxy resins. PEEK supports osteoblast growth, potentially enhancing bone ingrowth and implant stability.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopaedic Engineering
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Orthopaedic implants require biocompatible materials to ensure patient safety and implant longevity.
- Isoelastic hip prostheses aim to mimic natural hip joint mechanics, necessitating advanced material selection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the biocompatibility of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and epoxy resin polymers for use in isoelastic hip prostheses.
- To compare the cellular responses of fibroblasts and osteoblasts to these materials.
Main Methods:
- Assessed cytotoxicity using cell protein, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and MTT assay.
- Tested interactions with human fibroblasts and osteoblasts in vitro.
- Investigated both neat epoxy resin and carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin.
Main Results:
- Epoxy resin polymers exhibited slight cytotoxicity, inhibiting fibroblast growth and depleting GSH in both cell types.
- Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) demonstrated no overt cytotoxicity and increased osteoblast cell protein content.
- Carbon fibre reinforcement of epoxy resin was not detailed in its specific impact, but the general epoxy resin was cytotoxic.
Conclusions:
- Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a preferred material for isoelastic hip implant development due to its excellent biocompatibility.
- PEEK's stimulatory effect on osteoblast protein suggests potential for enhanced bone ingrowth, which could reduce joint loosening.