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Longitudinal electromyographic study of swallowing patterns in complete denture wearers
A Tallgren1, B R Lang, S Holden
1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
The International Journal of Prosthodontics
|September 1, 1995
Summary
Complete denture wearers exhibit reduced swallowing muscle activity, particularly in anterior temporal muscles, compared to natural dentition. Lip activity is stronger in the lower jaw, and swallow durations are prolonged.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Dental Science
- Neuromuscular Physiology
Background:
- Complete dentures can alter the neuromuscular control of masticatory and swallowing functions.
- Understanding muscle activity changes is crucial for optimizing denture design and patient adaptation.
- Previous research has indicated potential impacts of tooth loss on muscle function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To longitudinally assess electromyographic (EMG) activity of swallowing muscles in complete denture wearers.
- To compare muscle activity before and after complete denture placement and over a two-year period.
- To investigate the influence of denture relining on muscle function and swallowing dynamics.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal electromyographic (EMG) study involving 21 subjects with complete dentures.
- Recorded swallowing activity of anterior temporal and masseter muscles.
- Lip activity recorded in six patients; swallowing durations measured.
Main Results:
- Pretreatment (residual dentition) showed low elevator muscle activity (18-30 microV).
- Anterior temporal muscle activity decreased after initial denture placement and further decreased by year two.
- Masseter activity remained stable; mandibular lip showed stronger swallowing activity than the maxillary lip; swallow durations were prolonged.
Conclusions:
- Complete dentures lead to decreased anterior temporal muscle activity during swallowing.
- Denture relining may offer temporary improvements, but long-term adaptation shows decreased activity.
- Swallowing patterns are significantly altered in complete denture wearers, with prolonged durations and altered lip muscle engagement.