Unilateral lower limb hypoplasia in arterial fibromuscular dysplasia

Hypoplasia or hyperplasia of limbs can be unilateral or bilateral and can involve the upper or lower extremities in any combination. The etiology is varied, and the presentation, clinical features, and investigative pathway differ to some extent among patients. Reported here is a child, referred for limb lengthening, with claudicating unilateral leg pain and unilateral hypoplasia of the same limb. Investigations revealed multiple arterial stenoses consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia. In such cases, early diagnosis and intervention with angioplasty may enhance subsequent growth of the limb, thus avoiding the need for limb lengthening procedures.