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Protection by coffee against somatic genotoxicity in Drosophila: role of bioactivation capacity
1Institute of Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
Abstract:
The protective effects of coffee against somatic mutation and mitotic recombination induced by cyclophosphamide (CPH), mitomycin C (MMC) and urethane (URE) were evaluated in the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses of the wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster. These two crosses are characterized by different constitutive levels of cytochrome )-450-dependent enzyme activities. 3-day old larvae transheterozygous for the wing cell markers mwh (multiple wing hairs) and flr3 (flare3) were fed until pupation on medium containing a genotoxin alone or its combination with different concentrations of instant coffee. subsequently, the wings of the resulting adult flies were analysed for detecting single spots (mwh or flr3) originating from mutational or recombinational events as well as twin spots (mwh and flr3) originating exclusively from recombination. The results showed high sensitivity of the HB cross to URE. Co-administration of instant coffee was effective in exerting significant dose-related inhibitory effects on the genotoxicity of URE in the ST and the genetically susceptible HB cross. Similarly, coffee showed significant dose-related inhibitory effects on the genotoxicity of MMC in both crosses. The same protective effect was also observed with one concentration of coffee in combination with CPH. Pretreatment of 2-day-old HB larvae with coffee for 24 hr followed by treatment with URE was also effective in significantly reducing the induction of mutation and recombination. The magnitude of the protective effects of coffee against these three genotoxins was independent of the genotype of the larvae used for treatment, that is it was independent of the bioactivation capacity of these larvae. The study demonstrates the suitability of this assay for obtaining qualitative and quantitative data on the result of interactions among a genotoxin, an inhibitor of genotoxicity and bioactivation capacity of the host.
Insights
Instant coffee demonstrated significant protective effects against genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, and urethane in Drosophila melanogaster. These findings highlight coffee
Area of Science:
- * Genetics and Toxicology
- * Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for genotoxicity testing
Background:
- * Cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme activities vary between standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) Drosophila crosses.
- * Genotoxins like cyclophosphamide (CPH), mitomycin C (MMC), and urethane (URE) pose risks of somatic mutation and mitotic recombination.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To evaluate the protective potential of instant coffee against CPH, MMC, and URE-induced genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.
- * To assess the dose-dependent effects of coffee and its interaction with host bioactivation capacity.
Main Methods:
- * The Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test was employed using ST and HB crosses.
- * Larvae were exposed to genotoxins alone or in combination with varying concentrations of instant coffee.
- * Mutational and recombinational events were quantified by analyzing wing spots in adult flies.
Main Results:
- * Instant coffee significantly inhibited urethane and mitomycin C genotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner across both Drosophila crosses.
- * A protective effect was also observed with cyclophosphamide at one coffee concentration.
- * Coffee's protective efficacy was independent of the larvae's bioactivation capacity.
Conclusions:
- * Instant coffee exhibits significant antimutagenic and anti-recombinogenic properties against tested genotoxins.
- * The Drosophila wing spot assay is suitable for assessing interactions between genotoxins, inhibitors, and host bioactivation.
- * Coffee's protective effects are consistent regardless of the host's metabolic capacity.