Befloxatone, a new reversible and selective monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor. II. Pharmacological profile

The pharmacological profile of befloxatone, a reversible, selective and competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A has been investigated in rodents. In mice, befloxatone was more active at potentiating generalized tremors induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (ED50, 0.21 mg/kg p.o.) than phenylethylamine-induced stereotypies (ED50, 58 mg/kg p.o.), indicating a very high in vivo selectivity for inhibition of the A form of monoamine oxidase. Befloxatone showed potent activity in behavioral models in rodents predictive of antidepressant activity (forced swimming test, learned helplessness and reserpine reversal) with minimal effective doses of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg p.o. In these tests, befloxatone was much more potent (10- to 500-fold) than reference antidepressant compounds (reversible and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors and monoamine reuptake inhibitors). In rats, befloxatone increased rapid eye movement sleep latency and decreased rapid eye movement sleep duration, without rebound effects. Potential anxiolytic activity was observed in the elevated-plus maze test in rats (minimal effective dose, 1-2 mg/kg p.o.). Befloxatone had no effect on motor performance, did not induce sedative or stimulant activity up to doses of 200 mg/kg p.o. and was devoid of anticholinergic activity in mice. Interaction studies with p.o. dietary tyramine (12 mg/kg), carried out in freely moving rats, demonstrated that, in contrast to irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors, befloxatone did not potentiate the pressor effect of this amine in the range of doses which showed pharmacological activity in antidepressant behavioral models. Furthermore, of the compounds tested (moclobemide, brofaromine, nialamide and phenelzine), comparison of doses active in antidepressant models and doses potentiating the pressor effects of tyramine demonstrated that befloxatone had the best therapeutic index. The results suggest that befloxatone will show clinical antidepressant activity at low doses and will be devoid of the side effects associated with irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors.