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The start in speed skating: from running to gliding
J J de Koning1, R Thomas, M Berger
1Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. JJdeKoning@FBW.VU.NL
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|December 1, 1995
Summary
Elite speed skaters use different techniques in early sprint strokes compared to later ones. Early "running-like" push-offs prioritize leg rotation, while later gliding strokes emphasize leg extension for higher speeds.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Kinesiology
Background:
- Speed skating requires complex movements for optimal performance.
- Understanding push-off mechanics is crucial for improving sprint velocity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the three-dimensional push-off kinematics in elite male speed skaters.
- To differentiate the mechanics of early sprint strokes from later ones.
Main Methods:
- Utilized three-dimensional coordinate data of elite male sprinters.
- Decomposed the velocity of the body's center of mass into extension (VE) and rotational (Vr) components.
Main Results:
- Early sprint push-offs are 'running-like,' with a larger rotational (Vr) contribution than extension (VE).
- Later sprint strokes are 'gliding' push-offs, where extension (VE) increases significantly.
- A disconnect between joint extension and forward velocity was observed in gliding push-offs.
Conclusions:
- Speed skating sprint mechanics evolve throughout the sprint.
- Gliding push-offs, characterized by increased leg extension, enable higher velocities than running.
- Rotational forces are more dominant in initial push-offs, transitioning to extension-driven propulsion.