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Glucose processing during the intravenous glucose tolerance test

J E Henriksen1, F Alford, A Handberg

  • 1Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology M, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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The frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) primarily increases whole-body glucose oxidation, not muscle glycogen storage. This finding clarifies that FSIGT-measured insulin sensitivity reflects glucose oxidation, unlike the euglycemic clamp method.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • The frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) is used to assess glucose metabolism, but its impact on muscle glycogen synthesis and overall glucose processing remains unclear.
  • Understanding how dynamic glucose and insulin levels during FSIGT affect metabolic pathways is crucial for accurate interpretation of results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of the FSIGT on whole-body glucose oxidation and skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in healthy individuals.
  • To determine if FSIGT-induced insulin sensitivity measurements primarily reflect glucose oxidation or storage.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy subjects underwent paired, randomized FSIGTs, with one session including muscle biopsies at multiple time points.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements included plasma glucose and insulin levels, glucose oxidation rates, and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity, glycogen concentration, and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) levels.
  • Insulin sensitivity (Si), glucose effectiveness, and insulin secretion parameters were calculated.

    • Main Results:

    • Glucose oxidation significantly increased post-glucose bolus during FSIGT.
    • Skeletal muscle glycogen concentration showed a slight decrease, and glycogen synthase activity remained unchanged, indicating no net glucose storage as glycogen.
    • Glucose-6-phosphate levels decreased, while GLUT-4 transporter levels were unaffected.
    • The muscle biopsy procedure did not alter key metabolic parameters like insulin sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The FSIGT predominantly stimulates whole-body glucose oxidation rather than activating muscle glucose storage pathways like glycogen synthesis.
    • Insulin sensitivity derived from FSIGT primarily represents glucose oxidation, differing from the euglycemic clamp, which accounts for both oxidation and storage.
    • These findings refine the interpretation of FSIGT results in metabolic research.