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Selective IgA deficiency and anaphylactoid transfusion reaction: a case report
1Section of Medical Oncology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Medical Journal; Free China Ed
|February 1, 1996
Summary
Anaphylactoid transfusion reactions can occur in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency. This case highlights the risk of severe reactions from anti-IgA antibodies in transfused blood products.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- Anaphylactoid transfusion reactions are rare but potentially fatal complications of blood product administration.
- A known cause involves patient antibodies reacting with donor immunoglobulin A (IgA).
Observation:
- A patient experienced severe anaphylactoid transfusion reactions despite compatible crossmatches after receiving small amounts of packed red blood cells.
- The patient's serum showed IgA deficiency and high-titer anti-IgA antibodies.
- A family member exhibited partial IgA deficiency with anti-IgA2 antibodies.
Findings:
- Selective IgA deficiency, though uncommon in Taiwan, can precipitate severe anaphylactoid transfusion reactions.
- The presence of anti-IgA antibodies in IgA-deficient individuals poses a significant transfusion risk.
Implications:
- Clinicians should consider IgA deficiency in patients with unexplained anaphylactoid transfusion reactions.
- Screening for IgA deficiency and specific antibodies may be warranted in at-risk populations.
- This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare immunological incompatibilities in transfusion medicine.