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Related Experiment Videos

Ovarian cancer screening

J R van Nagell1, H H Gallion, E J Pavlik

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0084, USA.

Cancer
|November 15, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is an effective ovarian cancer screening method, reducing detection stage and mortality. Its reasonable cost and proven success in detecting early-stage cancers make it a valuable tool for women's health.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ovarian cancer screening methods evaluated include pelvic examination, serum CA 125, and transvaginal sonography (TVS).
  • Pelvic examination and serum CA 125 have limited sensitivity for ovarian cancer detection.
  • Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is currently the most effective screening method for ovarian cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of transvaginal sonography (TVS) as a screening tool for ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women.
  • To assess the impact of TVS screening on the stage at detection and mortality rates of ovarian cancer.
  • To determine the cost-effectiveness of TVS screening for ovarian cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Transvaginal sonography (TVS) was performed using a 5.0 MHz vaginal transducer.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Ovarian volume was calculated using the prolate ellipsoid formula; abnormal volumes were defined based on menopausal status (≥20 cm³ premenopausal, ≥10 cm³ postmenopausal).
  • Abnormal TVS findings prompted repeat scans and further investigations including pelvic examination, serum CA 125, Doppler flow sonography, and tumor morphologic indexing.

    • Main Results:

    • Eighty-five hundred asymptomatic women underwent TVS screening, with 121 showing persistent abnormalities requiring tumor removal.
    • Eight primary ovarian cancers were detected, predominantly at early stages (6 Stage IA).
    • No deaths from primary ovarian cancer occurred in the screened population over more than 20,000 patient-screening-years; screening costs decreased over time to $30/screen.

    Conclusions:

    • Transvaginal sonography (TVS) screening leads to earlier detection of ovarian cancer and reduced case-specific mortality.
    • The cost of TVS screening is reasonable and comparable to other screening tests.
    • Further research is needed to confirm if annual TVS screening can significantly decrease ovarian cancer mortality.