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Herpes simplex virus in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain tissue

V J Sanders1, A E Waddell, S L Felisan

  • 1Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

Archives of Neurology
|February 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was detected in more multiple sclerosis (MS) patients than controls, and more frequently in active MS plaques. However, HSV presence in both groups makes a direct causal link to MS uncertain.

Area of Science:

  • Neurovirology
  • Neuropathology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neurotropic virus known for latency and causing demyelination in animal models.
  • Investigating potential viral etiologies in neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the presence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in postmortem brain tissue from MS patients and controls.
  • To explore a potential association between HSV and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization were used to screen for HSV DNA.
  • Brain samples included active and inactive MS plaques, unaffected white matter (WM), and gray matter (GM).
  • Control groups comprised individuals with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and neurologically healthy individuals.

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Main Results:

  • HSV was detected in 46% of MS cases and 28% of control cases, though this difference was not statistically significant (P = .11).
  • HSV was found in 41% of active MS plaques compared to 20% of inactive plaques.
  • HSV was present in WM and GM of both MS and control cases, with no significant differences observed across subgroups (P = .10).

Conclusions:

  • Herpes simplex virus was more prevalent in MS cases than controls and in active MS plaques versus inactive ones.
  • The widespread presence of HSV in both MS and control brain tissue complicates a definitive etiological link to MS.
  • Future research focusing on HSV's cellular localization, oligodendrocyte interaction, and latency mechanisms may clarify its role in MS.