Nephrolithiasis due to primary hyperparathyroidism and enteric hyperoxaluria: a case report

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Endocrinology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Primary hyperparathyroidism and enteric hyperoxaluria are known risk factors for nephrolithiasis.
• Hyperparathyroidism is often caused by parathyroid adenoma.
• Enteric hyperoxaluria can result from gastrointestinal surgeries, such as small bowel bypass.

Observation:

• A patient presented with severe stone-related complications.
• The patient had hyperparathyroidism secondary to a parathyroid adenoma.
• The patient also had enteric hyperoxaluria attributed to a prior small bowel bypass procedure.

Findings:

• This specific combination of hyperparathyroidism and enteric hyperoxaluria as co-existing causes of nephrolithiasis has not been previously reported.
• The patient experienced severe complications related to kidney stone formation due to these combined factors.

Implications:

• Understanding the pathophysiology of combined enteric hyperoxaluria and primary hyperparathyroidism is crucial for managing nephrolithiasis.
• This case underscores the importance of considering multiple stone-forming etiologies in complex patient presentations.
• Further research into the synergistic effects of these conditions may improve prevention and treatment strategies for kidney stones.