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Observations on a recent increase in plagiocephaly without synostosis
A A Kane1, L E Mitchell, K P Craven
1Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Deformities Institute, St Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, MO 63110, USA.
Pediatrics
|June 1, 1996
Summary
Referrals for infant plagiocephaly without synostosis (PWS) significantly increased following AAP sleep position recommendations. This suggests a link between infant sleep practices and PWS, highlighting the need for education on head positioning.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial Medicine
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Positional plagiocephaly without synostosis (PWS) is a common condition in infants.
- The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended supine infant sleeping in 1992 to reduce Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cause of a notable increase in infant referrals for PWS to a craniofacial center.
- To determine if changes in infant sleep position recommendations correlate with PWS referral rates.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective chart review of 269 infants diagnosed with PWS between 1979 and 1994.
- Analysis of referral patterns using linear and time series regression.
- Comparison of PWS referrals with synostotic plagiocephaly referrals and demographic variables.
Main Results:
- Annual PWS referrals increased more than sixfold between 1992-1994 compared to the prior 13 years.
- Referral increases were statistically significant and coincided with AAP's 'Back to Sleep' campaign.
- No significant changes were observed in referrals for synostotic plagiocephaly or in PWS patient demographics.
Conclusions:
- The rise in PWS referrals strongly correlates with the AAP's infant sleep position guidelines.
- A causal relationship between recommended sleep positions and PWS is suggested.
- Educational initiatives on infant head positioning and safe sleep practices may help mitigate positional PWS.