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Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR)

C C Kuo1, L A Jackson, L A Campbell

  • 1Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) causes respiratory illness globally, primarily in children. This distinct bacterium is linked to pneumonia and bronchitis, detectable via serology and PCR.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) is the third identified species of Chlamydia, causing acute respiratory disease.
  • It is genetically and morphologically distinct from C. trachomatis and C. psittaci, with less than 10% DNA homology.
  • TWAR infection is globally distributed, with peak incidence in children aged 5-14 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) as a distinct pathogen.
  • To outline its clinical manifestations and epidemiological distribution.
  • To describe diagnostic methods for TWAR infection.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of elementary body morphology and DNA homology.
  • Epidemiological data collection on global distribution and age-specific incidence.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Description of diagnostic techniques including microimmunofluorescence serology and PCR.

    • Main Results:

    • TWAR is a distinct Chlamydia species causing respiratory illness, often mild or asymptomatic in children but potentially severe in adults.
    • It is implicated in approximately 10% of pneumonia and 5% of bronchitis cases in the US.
    • Microimmunofluorescence assays are specific for TWAR and differentiate infection stages; PCR enhances detection.

    Conclusions:

    • Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) is a significant respiratory pathogen with a unique profile.
    • Diagnostic tools like microimmunofluorescence and PCR are crucial for accurate identification.
    • Understanding TWAR's distinct characteristics is vital for managing respiratory infections.