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New and emerging yeast pathogens

K C Hazen1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Emerging yeast pathogens, including previously overlooked species, are causing serious human infections, particularly in vulnerable populations. Clinical mycology labs face challenges in identifying these unusual yeasts and determining their unpredictable antifungal resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Common yeasts like Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans cause most human infections.
  • An increasing incidence of infections caused by less common or emerging yeast species has been observed.
  • Organisms previously considered non-pathogenic or industrially relevant are now implicated in human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing threat of unusual yeast pathogens in human disease.
  • To discuss the challenges in identifying these yeasts and their antifungal susceptibility.
  • To emphasize the need for improved diagnostic and management strategies for yeast infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on yeast infections and emerging pathogens.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of clinical implications of infections caused by unusual yeasts.
  • Discussion of diagnostic limitations and antifungal resistance patterns.

    • Main Results:

    • Emerging yeast pathogens include Malassezia furfur, Trichosporon beigelii, and various Candida species (e.g., Candida lusitaniae, Candida krusei).
    • Unusual yeasts often infect immunocompromised individuals, neonates, and the elderly.
    • Antifungal susceptibility of these yeasts varies widely, with some showing resistance to standard treatments like azoles and amphotericin B.

    Conclusions:

    • Unusual yeasts pose a significant and growing challenge in clinical settings.
    • Current identification methods may not be sufficient for rapid diagnosis of these emerging pathogens.
    • Accurate identification and antifungal susceptibility testing are crucial for effective patient management and combating life-threatening infections.