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Attributable risks for bladder cancer in northern Italy

B D'Avanzo1, C La Vecchia, E Negri

  • 1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.

Annals of Epidemiology
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer, responsible for nearly half of all cases. Modifiable factors like diet and lifestyle could prevent thousands of deaths annually in Italy.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer is a significant public health concern.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the attributable risks (ARs) of bladder cancer associated with specific lifestyle and occupational factors in Northern Italy.
  • To estimate the potential impact of eliminating these risk factors on bladder cancer mortality.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted between 1985 and 1993 in Northern Italy.
  • Included 431 bladder cancer cases and 491 controls with non-neoplastic, non-urinary-tract diseases.
  • Attributable risks were calculated for cigarette smoking, coffee consumption, vegetable intake, cystitis history, and occupation.

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Main Results:

  • Cigarette smoking accounted for the largest AR (49%), followed by coffee consumption (23%), low vegetable intake (16%), history of cystitis (12%), and occupation (4%).
  • These five factors collectively explained over 70% of bladder cancer cases.
  • Attributable risk for smoking was higher in men (56%) than women (17%).

Conclusions:

  • Eliminating cigarette smoking could prevent over 2500 bladder cancer deaths in Italy annually.
  • Dietary modifications, infection prevention, and reduced occupational exposures could prevent an additional ~1500 deaths.
  • Bladder cancer could potentially become a rare cause of death through targeted interventions.