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Practice variability and transfer of a racket skill

D P Green1, J Whitehead, D A Sugden

  • 1Bedford College of Higher Education, U.K.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
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Variable practice, especially random over blocked, significantly improved forehand hitting transfer in young girls compared to specific practice or no practice. Accuracy decreased over time, highlighting the need for varied skill development.

Area of Science:

  • Motor Learning
  • Skill Acquisition
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Understanding how practice variability influences motor skill transfer is crucial for effective physical education.
  • Previous research suggests different practice schedules impact learning and retention differently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different racket variability conditions on 'out of range' motor transfer in a forehand hitting task.
  • To compare the efficacy of random variability, blocked variability, and specific practice against a control group.

Main Methods:

  • 48 11-year-old girls participated, randomly assigned to Random Variability, Blocked Variability, Specific, or Control groups.
  • Participants engaged in 32 trials daily for 4 days, followed by transfer tests and retention tests at 1, 4, and 8 days.

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  • Data were analyzed for treatment, range, and occasion effects on performance and transfer accuracy.

    • Main Results:

    • Practice was superior to no practice for skill transfer.
    • Variable practice demonstrated greater transfer than specific practice.
    • Random variability led to better transfer than blocked variability, particularly for 'out of range' dimensions.
    • Performance accuracy declined across retention intervals.

    Conclusions:

    • Schema theory supports the observed benefits of variable practice for motor skill transfer.
    • Physical education teachers should implement variable practice, focusing on novel task dimensions, to enhance learning.
    • The findings suggest optimizing practice design for improved skill acquisition and long-term retention.