Two conformationally vicinal thiols at the active site of Leishmania donovani adenosine kinase

Inactivation of adenosine kinase (Adk) from Leishmania donovani correlates with the modification of two conformationally vicinal cysteine residues. In contrast, Adk from hamster liver, despite being sensitive to monothiol-blocking reagents, was insensitive to dithiol modifiers. Inactivation kinetics and substrate-protection studies along with double-modification experiments successively with N-ethylmaleimide in the presence of Ado and sodium m-arsenite-2,3-dimercaptopropanol or diazenedicarboxylic acid bis-N,N'-dimethylamide supported assignment of the two thiols at the Ado-binding site. Cystine bridge formation impaired the ability of the modified enzyme to bind to the substrate. Tryptophan fluorescence of the enzyme was quenched after modification by dithiol-blocking reagents with concomitant loss of activity. However, treatment of the enzyme with methylmethanethiosulphonate (MMTS) led to complete inactivation without a marked change in protein fluorescence. Ado protected both fluorescence and catalytic activity against inactivation by both MMTS and dithiol-blocking reagents. Stern-Volmer quenching analysis of the native and Ado-complexed enzyme suggested that, of the four tryptophan residues, at least one is located at or near the active site. Furthermore quenching constants of native, Ado-complexed and dithiol-modified enzyme in the presence of either acrylamide or KI indicated spatial proximity of tryptophan and two cysteine residues within the hydrophobic domain of the Ado-binding site. Taken together the results suggest important function(s) for the cysteine residue(s). A schematic model is proposed to explain the inactivation of the enzyme by both monothiol- and dithiol-blocking reagents.