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Nitric oxide: a neural messenger

S R Jaffrey1, S H Snyder

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO), a key messenger molecule, functions as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Its roles extend to autonomic function, and it exhibits both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a crucial messenger molecule.
  • NO is an established neurotransmitter in both central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Initially identified as endothelium-derived relaxation factor, NO mediates cGMP elevation post-glutamatergic stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of nitric oxide (NO) in physiological and pathological processes.
  • To investigate the significance of NO in nervous system function and disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Pharmacological analyses
  • Immunohistochemical studies
  • Evaluation of NO knockout mouse models

Main Results:

  • NO knockout mice reveal its essentiality in behavioral and autonomic functions.
  • Evidence suggests diverse roles for NO across various bodily systems.
  • NO demonstrates both neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide plays a vital role in nervous system function and regulation.
  • NO's dual neurotoxic and neuroprotective actions are critical.
  • Further research into NO's role in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases is warranted.

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