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Advance directives and opportunities for nurses

J L Johns1

  • 1Tidewater Community College, Portsmouth, VA, USA.

Image--The Journal of Nursing Scholarship
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Nurses are underutilized in advance directives (ADs) practice and research. This review identifies roles and opportunities for nurses to improve end-of-life care through advance care planning and patient advocacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Bioethics
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • Advance directives (ADs), including living wills and durable power of attorney, are crucial for expressing end-of-life decisions.
  • Technical, social, and economic factors drive the need for ADs.
  • Nurses have limited involvement in current ADs practice and research despite opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on advance directives.
  • To identify outcomes related to ADs.
  • To examine the historical background and ethical issues of ADs.
  • To suggest roles for nurses in ADs.
  • To identify research and practice opportunities for nurses regarding ADs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1983-1996) and MEDLINE (1985-1996).

Main Results:

  • Identified a gap in nursing participation in ADs practice and research.
  • Examined historical and ethical considerations of ADs.
  • Suggested specific roles for nurses in ADs implementation and research.
  • Highlighted opportunities for nurses in advance care planning and patient advocacy.

Conclusions:

  • Nurses can play a vital role in promoting advance directives.
  • Increased nursing involvement can enhance patient autonomy and end-of-life care.
  • Further research and practice initiatives are needed to integrate nurses into ADs processes.
Keywords:
Death and Euthanasia

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