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Related Experiment Videos

Immunomodulation: an important concept in modern anaesthesia

W T McBride1, M A Armstrong, S J McBride

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Queen's University Belfast.

Anaesthesia
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Peri-operative drugs can alter the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This review explores how medications like NSAIDs, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and opioids impact immune responses during surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Peri-operative cytokine balance is clinically significant in diseases like meningitis and arthritis.
  • Surgical stress, cardiopulmonary bypass, and endotoxemia traditionally alter this balance.
  • This review focuses on drug-induced immunomodulation during the peri-operative period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review in vitro evidence on the immunomodulatory effects of peri-operative drugs.
  • To identify drugs that modulate cytokine balance and their mechanisms.
  • To examine drug effects on neutrophil and natural killer cell activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro studies.
  • Analysis of drug effects on cytokine production and immune cell activity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of mechanisms involving cyclic nucleotide messengers and adhesion molecules.

    • Main Results:

    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and opioids modulate cytokine balance via cyclic nucleotides.
    • Pentoxifylline and heparin can inhibit neutrophil adhesion.
    • Intravenous anesthetics depress neutrophil activity, while opioids enhance it.
    • Volatile anesthetics and opioids transiently reduce natural killer cell activity, while catecholamines enhance it.

    Conclusions:

    • Peri-operative drugs significantly impact immune responses.
    • Understanding these immunomodulatory effects is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
    • Further research is needed to translate in vitro findings to clinical practice.