Nine steps to better nursing management of incontinence

This paper describes the development of a new framework for nursing assessment and management of incontinence using action research (Gibb, O'Brien, Bradford and Curtis 1993). The authors worked with nurses and residents in a large extended care setting--clarifying their current understandings of continence issues and looking at ways of improving incontinence management. This process led to the development of a model for assessment and management of incontinence.