Triangulation reveals theoretical linkages and outcomes in a nursing intervention study

Area of Science:

• Nursing
• Psychosocial Oncology
• Health Psychology

Background:

• Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) routinely provide psychosocial support to patients with life-threatening illnesses.
• Limited research exists on the theoretical underpinnings of psychosocial support interventions in oncology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the results of a study implementing an efficacy-enhancing intervention for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
• To explore the theoretical basis and qualitative outcomes of psychosocial support.

Main Methods:

• An efficacy-enhancing intervention was administered to 49 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
• Qualitative data analysis was employed to identify linkages and outcomes.
• Interventions were grounded in Orem's self-care framework and Bandura's efficacy theory.
• Data triangulation was used to gain new perspectives and refine interpretations.

Main Results:

• The study identified clear linkages between the psychosocial intervention and its theoretical foundations.
• Qualitative analysis revealed patient outcomes not detected through statistical hypothesis testing.
• Data triangulation offered novel interpretations of phenomena, leading to study revisions.

Conclusions:

• Psychosocial interventions for cancer patients can be theoretically grounded and yield rich qualitative insights.
• CNSs can enhance their practice by integrating theoretical frameworks and qualitative data analysis.
• Further research is needed to explore the implications for CNS practice and the broader field of psychosocial oncology.