Group B streptococcus and pregnancy

Group B streptococcus is a significant pathogen for both mother and child. routine urine culture in pregnancy will identify and allow treatment of women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. An optimal protocol for the prevention of neonatal sepsis has not yet been developed. While intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis appears to provide the best potential, each of the currently suggested protocols has significant drawbacks. Drawbacks include the potential for missing high-risk carriers, failure to treat a significant proportion of those destined to deliver an affected infant because no risk factors are present, and empirical treatment of a large proportion of the population in order to present significant disease in a few. Until an effective program of immunization becomes available, intrapartum prophylaxis of group B streptococcal carriers appears to offer the best hope of reducing the incidence of neonatal disease. Caregivers should adopt a uniform practice with regard to screening and prophylaxis. It is essential that any broad-based screening program include an evaluation of efficacy as well as complications including the development of new etiologic agents as causes of neonatal sepsis and the emergence of resistant bacteria. Further, mothers and newborns should be evaluated for drug adverse reactions and the impact of intrapartum prophylaxis on the use of prolonged empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy on the asymptomatic infant. Additional research is necessary regarding the required duration of therapy for optimal effect of intrapartum prophylaxis, the need for postnatal prophylaxis of the asymptomatic neonate, and the optimal agent for neonatal prophylaxis (penicillin versus broad-spectrum agents) if neonatal therapy is necessary after intrapartum prophylaxis.