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Reactivating a reactivation theory of implicit memory

G H Bower1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.

Consciousness and Cognition
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a memory theory distinguishing associations between memory units. It explains implicit and explicit memory, including amnesia deficits, by independent strengthening of sensory and contextual associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Traditional memory theories differentiate between implicit and explicit memory systems.
  • These systems involve various memory units like sensory features, logogens, imagines, concepts, and context tags.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unified memory theory explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit memory.
  • To account for memory deficits in global amnesia.

Main Methods:

  • The theory distinguishes associations between memory units (e.g., sensory features to logogens, concepts to logogens).
  • It posits independent strengthening of sensory and contextual associations upon item presentation.
  • Episodic memory is defined as the association of an item to its personal context.

Main Results:

  • Perceptual experiences strengthen sensory-to-logogen associations, causing perceptual priming.
  • Concept usage strengthens concept-to-logogen associations, leading to conceptual and semantic priming.
  • Contextual associations are crucial for explicit memory tasks like recall and recognition.

Conclusions:

  • The theory explains intact implicit memory and impaired explicit memory in amnesia by a selective deficit in forming novel contextual associations.
  • Independent strengthening of sensory and contextual associations allows for the explanation of various implicit and explicit memory dissociations.

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