Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

16.3K
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
16.3K
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

6.6K
In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
6.6K
Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

4.1K
The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
4.1K
Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

360
Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
360
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

3.6K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.6K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

4.5K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of sex differences on the association between clinical predictors and electroconvulsive therapy outcomes: results from the Dutch ECT Consortium (DEC).

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

The Effect of Benzodiazepines on Catatonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

[Psychiatrische diagnostiek anno 2025].

Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie·2025
Same author

[The differential diagnosis of late onset psychiatric symptoms: current and future possibilities!]

Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie·2025
Same author

[Tomorrow's psychiatry for older adults: solutions for a future-proof care].

Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie·2025
Same author

More rTMS pulses or more sessions? The impact on treatment outcome for treatment resistant depression.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2024
Same journal

Gene Therapy for Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: Clinical and Imaging Outcomes in a French Cohort.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Predict Survival in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Vitamin B Deficiency as Potential Aggravating Factors in Huntington's Disease: A Prospective Monocentric Study.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal Dynamics of Polyglutamine-Expanded ATXN3 in Biofluids of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Putamen Structural-Functional Decoupling as an Early-Stage Candidate Imaging Marker for Motor Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same journal

Melanopsin-Mediated Post-Illumination Pupillary Response in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson's Disease.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

8.4K

Saccadic eye movements in hyperekplexia

M A Tijssen1, E Bollen, E van Exel

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Familial hyperekplexia patients exhibit reduced saccadic eye movement velocity, suggesting brainstem modulation, not cortical, causes their exaggerated startle responses. This impacts neurological disorder research.

More Related Videos

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.6K
Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

15.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

8.4K
Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.6K
Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

15.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Hyperekplexia is an autosomal dominant disorder causing exaggerated startle responses and stiffness.
  • The startle reflex originates in the brainstem's medial bulbopontine reticular formation.
  • Horizontal saccadic eye movements are controlled by the pontine paramedian reticular formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate saccadic eye movement abnormalities in familial hyperekplexia patients.
  • To explore the link between brainstem function and hyperekplexia-related startle responses.
  • To differentiate between brainstem and cortical influences in hyperekplexia.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed horizontal visually evoked random saccades, antisaccades, and memory-guided saccades.
  • Compared saccade metrics (peak velocity, latency, gain) in seven hyperekplexia patients and seven controls.
  • Evaluated the ability to suppress reflex saccades and perform cognitive saccade tasks.

Main Results:

  • Hyperekplexia patients showed significantly reduced peak saccadic velocity (p < 0.0001).
  • Saccadic latencies were marginally longer in patients (p = 0.0486), while gains remained similar.
  • Antisaccade, memory-guided saccade, and saccade suppression abilities were comparable between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced saccadic velocity in hyperekplexia suggests altered brainstem modulation rather than cortical dysfunction.
  • The findings point to the brainstem's role in the pathophysiology of exaggerated startle responses.
  • Further research into brainstem circuitry is warranted for hyperekplexia treatment.