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Related Experiment Videos

Divided attention and indirect memory tests

N W Mulligan1, M Hartman

  • 1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. nwmulli@rs6000.cmp.ilstu.edu

Memory & Cognition
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Dividing attention during learning impacts memory recall. Conceptually driven indirect memory tests, similar to direct tests, are impaired by divided attention, while data-driven indirect tests are not.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Attentional state during memory encoding significantly influences later recall performance.
  • Previous research highlights the role of attention in direct memory tests.
  • The impact of divided attention on indirect memory tests, particularly the distinction between conceptually and data-driven tasks, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of divided attention during word acquisition on conceptually driven and data-driven indirect memory tests.
  • To compare the influence of divided attention on indirect memory tests versus direct memory tests.
  • To examine the results within the framework of transfer-appropriate processing.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving subjects reading word lists under conditions of divided attention (with distraction) or full attention.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Memory was assessed using both direct memory tests (e.g., category-cued recall) and indirect memory tests (conceptually driven: category-exemplar production; data-driven: word-fragment completion).
  • Task instructions differentiated direct from indirect memory tests.

    • Main Results:

    • Dividing attention during encoding significantly decreased performance on direct memory tests.
    • Conceptually driven indirect memory tests (category-exemplar production) showed decreased performance under divided attention.
    • Data-driven indirect memory tests (word-fragment completion) were not affected by divided attention during encoding.

    Conclusions:

    • Conceptually driven indirect memory tests are susceptible to attentional manipulation during encoding, similar to direct memory tests.
    • Data-driven indirect memory tests demonstrate resilience to divided attention at encoding.
    • These findings support the transfer-appropriate processing framework, suggesting different memory systems are engaged by distinct test types.