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[The laryngeal mask in pediatric anesthesia]
M Frediani1, G Blanchini, M Capanna
1II UO di Anestesia e Rianimazione, USL N 6 di Livorno.
Minerva Anestesiologica
|March 1, 1996
Summary
The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is effective and safe for pediatric surgery airway management. While insertion is generally easy, some complications like hypoxia and trauma can occur, with LMA size 3 showing increased risks.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Airway Management
Background:
- The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is a common supraglottic airway device.
- Its use in pediatric surgery requires evaluation of insertion ease and complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the ease of insertion, types, and incidence of perioperative complications associated with LMA use in pediatric patients.
- To evaluate the safety and efficacy of LMA for airway control in elective pediatric surgical procedures.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 300 pediatric patients (0.1-16 years) undergoing elective surgery.
- LMA insertion success rates, positioning via fiberoptics, and perioperative complications were recorded.
- Data analysis compared LMA size with insertion difficulty and complication rates.
Main Results:
- Successful LMA insertion on the first attempt in 89.6% of patients; 1.4% could not be inserted.
- Fiberoptic confirmation showed correct anatomical positioning in 41% and partial obstruction in 48%.
- Complications included hypoxia (4.3%), trauma (5%), and laryngeal spasm (2.3% on induction, 1.7% on awakening). LMA size 3 was linked to more frequent cough/movement and laryngeal spasm on awakening.
Conclusions:
- The LMA is an effective and safe device for airway management in elective pediatric surgery.
- While generally easy to insert, vigilance for potential complications and specific risks with certain sizes (e.g., LMA size 3) is warranted.