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Thyroid function in a goitre endemia

R Sankar1, T Pulger, B Rai

  • 1RIA Laboratory, New Delhi.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Severe iodine deficiency in Sikkim leads to high goitre prevalence. The study found significant thyroid function changes in goitrous individuals, indicating thyroid decompensation in most affected subjects.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Goitre endemia and severe iodine deficiency were identified in Sadam village, Sikkim.
  • High prevalence rates of goitre (73.5%) and cretinism (4%) were observed.
  • Low mean urinary iodine excretion (4.13 ng/dl) confirmed severe iodine deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid function in individuals residing in a goitre-endemic area with severe iodine deficiency.
  • To assess the relationship between goitre presence and thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, TSH).

Main Methods:

  • A random sample of 72 out of 142 households was selected.
  • 244 subjects (137 males, 107 females) above 14 years were examined for goitre.
  • Blood samples were collected for measuring triiodothyronine (T-3), thyroxine (T-4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations.

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Main Results:

  • Goitre was detected in 149 (61.1%) of the examined subjects.
  • Statistically significant differences in mean T-3, T-4, and TSH levels were found between goitrous and non-goitrous groups.
  • An inverse correlation was observed between goitre size and T-4, and between TSH and T-4 levels.

Conclusions:

  • The study indicates functional decompensation of the thyroid gland in the majority of goitrous subjects.
  • Iodine deficiency significantly impacts thyroid function and hormone levels in the studied population.
  • Findings highlight the public health implications of severe iodine deficiency in endemic regions.