Ankle joint dorsiflexion measurement studies. A review of the literature

A spectrum of techniques exists to measure ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion. However, information pertaining to the objective assessment of ankle joint dorsiflexion is controversial. Different study designs make comparisons of studies difficult which leads to measurement error. These errors can be related to the examiner, the subject, or the procedure. This author reviews the sources of measurement inaccuracies within the clinical setting and describes effective interventions used to reduce measurement error.