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Lymphatic pump function curves in awake sheep

R E Drake¹, S Dhother, V M Oppenlander

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School 77030, USA.

The American Journal of Physiology

|February 1, 1996

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Intestinal lymphatic vessels actively pump fluid against pressure gradients at low flow rates. This active pumping, confirmed by verapamil, explains the nonlinear flow-pressure relationship observed in lymphatic vessels.

Area of Science:

Physiology
Biophysics
Vascular Biology

Background:

Lymphatic vessels are crucial for fluid homeostasis and immune transport.
Understanding the mechanics of lymphatic pumping is essential for diagnosing and treating lymphedema and other lymphatic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the relationship between flow rate and inflow pressure in intestinal lymphatic vessels.
To elucidate the role of active lymphatic pumping in this relationship.

Main Methods:

Sheep intestinal lymphatic segments were cannulated and infused with Ringer solution.
Inflow pressure and flow rate were measured across a range of infusion rates (34–510 µL/min).
The effect of verapamil on lymphatic pumping was assessed.

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Main Results:

A nonlinear flow rate-pressure relationship was observed, with two distinct regions.
At flow rates < 150 µL/min, lymphatic vessels actively pumped fluid against a pressure gradient.
At flow rates > 150 µL/min, passive flow due to pressure gradients dominated.
Verapamil inhibited active pumping, resulting in linear flow-pressure relationships.

Conclusions:

Active lymphatic pumping contributes significantly to fluid transport, particularly at lower flow rates.
The nonlinear flow-pressure relationship is primarily driven by active lymphatic pumping.
The findings support mathematical models of lymphatic pump function.