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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

557
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
557
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

335
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
335
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

257
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
257
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

810
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
810
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

564
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
564
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

6.4K
The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Related Experiment Videos

Acquired cystic kidney disease

E Levine1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) causes renal cysts and tumors in chronic kidney disease patients, particularly those on dialysis. Complications include hemorrhage and renal cell carcinoma, detectable via imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), often developing before dialysis initiation.
  • It involves renal cyst and neoplasm development in individuals with chronic renal failure lacking hereditary cystic disease history.
  • While often asymptomatic, ACKD can lead to serious complications like retroperitoneal hemorrhage and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, complications, and diagnostic imaging of acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD).
  • To discuss the increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with ACKD.
  • To evaluate the utility of screening for RCC in ACKD patients and renal transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of CT, US, and MR imaging features for ACKD diagnosis and complication evaluation.
  • Analysis of the incidence and risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in ACKD patients.
  • Discussion of screening strategies for renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients and transplant recipients.

    • Main Results:

    • CT scanning is optimal for ACKD diagnosis and complication assessment; US and MR imaging are useful adjuncts.
    • Hemorrhagic cysts are common, potentially causing flank pain, hematuria, and perinephric hematomas.
    • Patients with ACKD, especially those on dialysis, face an elevated risk of renal cell carcinoma, which can also occur in transplant recipients.

    Conclusions:

    • ACKD diagnosis and management rely heavily on imaging modalities like CT.
    • While annual RCC screening in all ACKD patients is not recommended, selective screening in high-risk individuals (dialysis patients with risk factors) may be beneficial.
    • Screening of native kidneys in renal transplant recipients can be considered during allograft evaluations.