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Allergic patch test reactions to palladium chloride in schoolchildren
L Kanerva1, H Kerosuo, A Kullaa
1Section of Dermatology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki.
Contact Dermatitis
|January 1, 1996
Summary
This study found that 7% of Finnish schoolchildren had allergic patch test reactions to palladium chloride, with girls showing higher rates. Results suggest cross-reactivity between palladium chloride and nickel sulfate.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Allergology
- Pediatric Dentistry
Background:
- Nickel allergy is common, especially in adolescent girls, often linked to pierced ears and orthodontic appliances.
- Palladium is increasingly used in dental and orthodontic materials, raising concerns about potential allergic reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the prevalence of allergic patch test reactions to palladium chloride versus nickel sulfate in Finnish adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment.
- To investigate potential cross-reactivity between palladium chloride and nickel sulfate.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 700 Finnish adolescents (14-18 years) with orthodontic treatment and a control group.
- Allergic patch testing was performed using palladium chloride and nickel sulfate.
- Data on gender, ear piercing, and orthodontic treatment history were collected.
Main Results:
- Overall, 7% of participants had allergic patch test reactions to palladium chloride.
- Girls exhibited significantly higher reaction rates (11%) compared to boys (1%).
- Most palladium chloride reactions also showed reactions to nickel sulfate, indicating cross-reactivity.
Conclusions:
- Palladium chloride elicits allergic patch test reactions in a notable percentage of adolescents, particularly girls.
- The findings support the concept of cross-reactivity between palladium chloride and nickel sulfate.
- The clinical significance of palladium chloride allergy requires further investigation.