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Related Experiment Videos

White matter disease and dementia

S M Rao1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.

Brain and Cognition
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This review explores neurobehavioral changes in white matter diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). It investigates if "white matter dementia" is a distinct condition based on comparing MS with other white matter disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Dementia frequently affects patients with cerebral hemispheric white matter disorders.
  • The specific neurobehavioral patterns linked to white matter dysfunction are not well understood.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common white matter disease providing a model for study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the neurobehavioral features of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To compare MS-related dementia with dementia in other white matter disorders (AIDS, Binswanger's disease, closed head injury).
  • To assess if "white matter dementia" is a unique diagnostic entity and propose underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on neurobehavioral and neuropsychological aspects of white matter diseases.
  • Comparative analysis of dementia characteristics in MS versus acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Binswanger's disease, and closed head injury.
  • Exploration of potential mechanisms linking white matter pathology to behavioral changes.

Main Results:

  • Multiple sclerosis exhibits distinct neuropsychological deficits impacting cognitive domains.
  • Comparisons reveal overlapping and unique features across different white matter dementia presentations.
  • Evidence suggests specific behavioral alterations associated with white matter pathology.

Conclusions:

  • White matter diseases, including MS, are significant causes of dementia.
  • The distinct neurobehavioral profile warrants consideration of "white matter dementia" as a potential diagnostic category.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of white matter dysfunction is crucial for diagnosing and managing dementia in these conditions.

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