Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed conjugation of eugenol with basic amino acids

M H Medeiros1, P Di Mascio, A P Pinto

  • 1Instituto de Química da Universidade de Säo Paulo, Brazil. mhgdmede@quim.iq.usp.br

Related Concept Videos

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation01:14

Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation

This lesson delves into the aldol condensation catalyzed by bases, where aldols undergo dehydration to enals. As shown in Figure 1, the β-hydroxy aldehyde formed in a base-catalyzed aldol addition reaction dehydrates on heating to yield an unsaturated carbonyl product, which is commonly referred to as an enal.
Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation01:27

Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation

The Knoevenagel condensation is an aldol-type reaction involving the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with active methylene compounds such as β-diesters to produce substituted olefins.
Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction01:08

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
Amines to Alkenes: Hofmann Elimination01:16

Amines to Alkenes: Hofmann Elimination

Alkenes can be obtained from amines via an E2 elimination. The amine is first converted into a good leaving group, such as a quaternary ammonium salt. This is accomplished by treating the amine with an excess of alkyl halide, which results in a halide salt. Next, the halide salt is transformed into a hydroxide salt that functions as a base to enable elimination.
Under thermal conditions, the hydroxide can abstract a proton from the β carbon; this generates an alkene with the simultaneous...
Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds01:09

Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are molecules bearing a carbonyl and alkene functionality in conjugation with each other. The conjugation in the molecule leads to three resonance structures. The hybrid form exhibits two probable electrophilic sites: the carbonyl carbon and the β carbon.