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Listeners do hear sounds, not tongues

C A Fowler1

  • 1Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-6695, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
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This study supports direct perception theory, arguing listeners perceive speech gestures, not just acoustic signals. It refutes counterarguments, asserting evidence favors direct perception of vocal tract movements.

Area of Science:

  • Speech Perception
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Two main theories of speech perception exist: motor theory and direct perception.
  • Both theories suggest listeners perceive vocal tract gestures during speech.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between motor theory and direct perception theory.
  • To provide evidence supporting the direct perception of vocal tract gestures.
  • To address and refute arguments against direct perception theory.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of speech perception theories.
  • Review and evaluation of experimental evidence.
  • Critique of existing arguments and data interpretation.

Main Results:

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  • The direct perception theory posits listeners perceive vocal tract gestures.
  • Experimental evidence supports the direct perception of gestures.
  • Critiques of direct perception theory are based on irrelevant evidence or flawed arguments.

Conclusions:

  • Listeners directly perceive vocal tract gestures during speech.
  • The direct perception theory is better supported than previously argued.
  • Further research should focus on gesture perception rather than acoustic signal analysis.