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Cutaneous aspergillosis
1Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Pennsylvania/Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, USA.
Abstract:
Aspergillosis comprises a spectrum of diseases caused by species of a ubiquitous saprophytic mold, Aspergillus, that usually live on decaying vegetation. Aspergillus organisms rarely behave as pathogens in an immunocompetent host. In the presence of immunosuppression, however, aspergillus may be invasive and take a fulminant course. Aspergillosis is the second most frequent opportunistic fungal infection surpassed only by candidiasis; therefore, early detection and treatment are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the historical aspects, etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology, and treatment of this disease and focuses on the cutaneous aspects of species of Aspergillus known to infect humans.
Insights
Aspergillosis, a fungal infection from Aspergillus mold, rarely affects healthy individuals but can be severe in immunocompromised patients. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing this opportunistic infection.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Dermatology
Background:
- Aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus, a common mold found in decaying vegetation.
- It typically affects immunocompromised individuals, leading to invasive and severe disease.
- It is the second most common opportunistic fungal infection after candidiasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical, etiological, epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of aspergillosis.
- To focus on the cutaneous manifestations of Aspergillus infections in humans.
- To emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of historical, etiological, epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data.
- Focus on clinical manifestations, particularly cutaneous aspergillosis.
- Synthesis of current treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Aspergillus species are ubiquitous molds, rarely pathogenic in immunocompetent hosts.
- Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of invasive aspergillosis.
- Cutaneous aspergillosis represents a specific clinical manifestation requiring targeted management.
Conclusions:
- Aspergillosis poses a significant threat as an opportunistic infection, especially in immunocompromised populations.
- Comprehensive understanding of the disease spectrum, including cutaneous forms, is vital.
- Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are essential to reduce aspergillosis-related morbidity and mortality.