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Related Experiment Videos

Does context discriminate recollection from familiarity in recognition memory?

T J Perfect1, A R Mayes, J J Downes

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Bristol, U.K. pstjp@ssa.bristol.ac.uk

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Subjects better judge item context with recollection than familiarity. Recollected items provide richer contextual knowledge, supporting the "recollect-know" distinction in memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Recognition memory involves distinguishing previously encountered items from new ones.
  • The "recollect-know" model differentiates between remembering an item with contextual details (recollection) and feeling a sense of familiarity without specific details (familiarity).
  • Understanding the role of context in recognition memory is crucial for memory research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether individuals can make accurate contextual judgments for recognized items based on recollective experience versus mere familiarity.
  • To determine if different types of contextual knowledge are reported more frequently with recollection than familiarity.
  • To provide converging evidence for the validity and dissociability of the "recollect-know" distinction in recognition memory.

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Main Methods:

  • Five experiments were conducted using a standard recognition memory paradigm.
  • Participants made contextual judgments (e.g., spatiotemporal) about recognized items.
  • Subjects reported the presence of different kinds of contextual knowledge associated with recognized items.

Main Results:

  • Subjects demonstrated significantly better spatiotemporal contextual judgments for items associated with recollection compared to those experienced as merely familiar.
  • Above-chance performance on spatiotemporal judgments for merely familiar items was rare.
  • All aspects of contextual knowledge were reported more frequently for recollected items than for familiar items.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide converging evidence supporting the "recollect-know" distinction in recognition memory.
  • Contextual information plays a significant role in recollection, aiding in accurate contextual judgments.
  • The results have implications for understanding memory deficits in patient groups and the broader role of context in memory.