Neuroradiologic applications of central nervous system SPECT

Area of Science:

• Neuroradiology
• Nuclear Medicine
• Central Nervous System Imaging

Background:

• Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear imaging technique.
• Central nervous system (CNS) SPECT has numerous applications in interventional neuroradiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the diverse interventional neuroradiologic applications of CNS SPECT.
• To emphasize the utility of CNS SPECT in evaluating cerebrovascular conditions and guiding interventions.

Main Methods:

• CNS SPECT allows evaluation of collateral circulation during carotid balloon test occlusion.
• Simultaneous injection of radiopharmaceutical with amobarbital sodium determines cerebrovascular distribution for Wada testing.
• CNS SPECT assesses vasospasm extent and distribution post-subarachnoid hemorrhage or angiography.
• Acetazolamide challenge SPECT images evaluate cerebrovascular reserve before carotid endarterectomy.
• SPECT identifies seizure foci when performed during ictus.
• Thallium-201 SPECT aids stereotactic brain biopsy for tumor recurrence.

Main Results:

• CNS SPECT provides easy and safe evaluation of collateral circulation.
• Accurate determination of cerebrovascular distribution is achievable.
• Effective assessment of vasospasm and cerebrovascular reserve is possible.
• Identification of seizure foci and guidance for brain biopsy are facilitated.

Conclusions:

• CNS SPECT is a versatile tool with significant interventional neuroradiologic applications.
• Radiologists and clinicians should become familiar with its broad utility in CNS imaging.
• This technique aids in the diagnosis, management, and treatment planning of various neurological conditions.