Three-dimensional structure of human cyclin H, a positive regulator of the CDK-activating kinase

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play a key role in cell cycle control, are activated by the CDK activating kinase (CAK), which activates cyclin-bound CDKs by phosphorylation at a specific threonine residue. Vertebrate CAK contains two key components: a kinase subunit with homology to its substrate CDKs and a regulatory subunit with homology to cyclins. We have determined the X-ray crystal structure of the regulatory subunit of CAK, cyclin H, at 2.6 A resolution. Cyclin H contains two alpha-helical core domains with a fold similar to that of cyclin A, a regulatory subunit of CAK substrate CDK2, and of TFIIB, a transcription factor. Outside of the core domains, the N- and C-terminal regions of the three structures are completely different. The conformational differences between cyclin H and A structures may reflect functional differences between the two cyclins.