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Lymphocyte subsets in multiple sclerosis. A study with two-colour fluorescence analysis

P Bongioanni1, C Fioretti, R Vanacore

  • 1Clinical Physiology, NRC, University of Pisa, Italy. Bongioanni@sssupl.sssup.it

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves immune system abnormalities. Studies show altered T-cell subsets and B-cell changes in MS patients, suggesting immune activation in this neurological disease.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is theorized as an immunopathologically mediated neurological disorder.
  • Evidence includes abnormal peripheral blood T-cell subsets and reduced T-suppressor function in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lymphocyte subset distribution in patients with definite multiple sclerosis.
  • To correlate specific lymphocyte subset changes with disease activity and progression in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lymphocyte subsets using fluorescein- or phycoerythrin-conjugated monoclonal antibodies.
  • Flow cytometry was used to define CD4+, CD5+, CD8+, CD19+, CD38+, CD45RA+, and their combinations.
  • Study included 37 patients meeting criteria for definite MS.

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Main Results:

  • Relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients showed decreased CD19+ cells.
  • Progressive MS patients exhibited increased CD19+CD5+ cells.
  • During RR-MS relapses, decreased CD4+CD45RA+ and increased CD8+CD38+ cells were observed.
  • RR-MS patients also had increased CD38+ cells and high IgM levels.

Conclusions:

  • Altered lymphocyte subsets, including increased CD19+CD5+ and CD38+ cells with high IgM, suggest B-cell involvement in MS.
  • Reduced CD4+CD45RA+ cells indicate potential T-cell activation during acute MS.
  • Findings support the hypothesis of combined cellular and humoral immune activation in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.