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Related Experiment Videos

Codeine disposition in human hair after single and multiple doses

D E Rollins1, D G Wilkins, G G Krueger

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah Health Sciences Centre, Salt Lake City, USA.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Codeine rapidly incorporates into hair, detectable in proximal segments within 30 minutes. This drug remains in distal hair for up to 10 weeks, showing dose-proportional distribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Forensic Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Codeine is an opioid analgesic with potential for misuse.
  • Understanding drug incorporation into hair is crucial for forensic and clinical toxicology.
  • Hair analysis offers a long-term window for detecting drug exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dose-proportion and time-course of codeine incorporation into human hair.
  • To determine how long codeine remains detectable in hair after administration.

Main Methods:

  • Male volunteers received oral codeine via single (60 mg or 120 mg) or multiple doses (30 mg TID for 5 days).
  • Blood, urine, and scalp hair (plucked and cut) were collected over 10 weeks.
  • Hair, plasma, and urine were analyzed for codeine and metabolites using GC/MS.

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Main Results:

  • Codeine was detected in proximal hair (1 cm) within 30 minutes of a 120 mg dose.
  • Codeine appeared in distal hair segments 3 weeks post-dose and persisted for at least 10 weeks.
  • Detectable codeine levels in distal hair correlated with dose and duration of administration.

Conclusions:

  • Codeine distributes rapidly and in a dose-proportional manner into the hair's growth centers.
  • A portion of codeine binds to hair, allowing for detection in distal segments for up to 10 weeks.
  • Hair analysis can provide a prolonged record of codeine exposure.