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Related Experiment Videos

Near-drowning: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and initial treatment

M D Weinstein1, B P Krieger

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Near-drowning incidents, particularly in children, can lead to severe hypoxemia. Prompt oxygenation, ventilation, and observation are crucial for survival and preventing long-term neurological damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pediatrics
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death, with children being particularly vulnerable.
  • Near-drowning incidents often result in hypoxemia due to aspiration-induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
  • Effective initial management is critical for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the critical initial management steps for near-drowning victims.
  • To emphasize the importance of oxygenation, ventilation, and supportive care.
  • To highlight the need for appropriate observation periods and community water safety initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathophysiological consequences of near-drowning.
  • Description of recommended resuscitative and supportive measures.

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  • Analysis of observation periods based on patient condition.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial management focuses on oxygenation, ventilation, rewarming, and fluid administration.
    • Asymptomatic patients may require 4-6 hours of observation, while others need at least 24 hours.
    • Despite medical interventions, mortality remains around 25%, with 6% experiencing neurological sequelae.

    Conclusions:

    • Immediate medical intervention is vital for near-drowning victims.
    • Adequate observation is necessary to prevent complications.
    • Enhanced community water safety programs are essential to reduce drowning incidents.