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Mouse protection test for group B Streptococcus type III

R S Baltimore, D L Kasper, J Vecchitto

    The Journal of Infectious Diseases
    |July 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Clinical isolates of group B Streptococcus type III cause lethal infections in mice, unlike laboratory strains. Hyperimmune rabbit antiserum effectively protected mice, demonstrating its therapeutic potential against type III infections.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • The mouse model is crucial for studying Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) infections.
    • Previous studies successfully used mice to investigate protection against GBS types Ia, Ib, and Ic.
    • Lethal disease induction with GBS type III strains in mice remained a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a lethal mouse model for GBS type III infection using clinical isolates.
    • To evaluate the protective efficacy of hyperimmune rabbit antiserum against GBS type III.

    Main Methods:

    • Inoculation of seven-week-old outbred albino mice with six clinical isolates of GBS type III.
    • Determination of the 50% lethal dose (LD50) and assessment of factors influencing lethality (inoculum volume, suspension medium).

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  • Testing the protective capacity of hyperimmune rabbit antiserum against GBS type III challenge.

    • Main Results:

    • Six clinical GBS type III isolates induced lethal disease in mice, with LD50 values ranging from 1.8 x 10(4) to 4.6 x 10(6).
    • A laboratory GBS type III strain did not cause lethal disease.
    • Inoculum volume (up to 1.5 ml) and suspension medium significantly affected lethality.
    • Hyperimmune rabbit antiserum provided significant protection against a 90% lethal dose of GBS type III.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinical isolates of GBS type III can establish a lethal infection model in mice.
    • Hyperimmune rabbit antiserum against GBS type III is protective, suggesting its potential for therapeutic use.
    • The specificity of the antiserum was confirmed by absorption studies with type III organisms and polysaccharide antigen.