The effect of nonablative laser energy on the ultrastructure of joint capsular collagen

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of laser energy at nonablative levels on the ultrastructure of joint capsular collagen. The femoropatellar joint capsules of six mature New Zealand white rabbits were harvested immediately after death. Specimens were divided into three treatment groups (5, 10, and 15 watts) and one control group. Laser energy was applied using a holmium: YAG laser. Transmission electron microscopy showed significant ultrastructural alterations in collagenous architecture for all laser treatment groups, with increased fibril cross-sectional diameter for each of the treated groups. The fibrils began to lose their distinct edges and their periodical cross-striations at subsequently higher energy densities. A morphometric analysis showed that each subsequently higher laser energy caused a significant increase in collagen fibril diameter. Ultrastructural alteration of collagen fibril architecture caused by the thermal effect of laser energy is probably the dominant mechanism of laser-induced tissue shrinkage.