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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Calcium Channel Blockers01:18

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Calcium ions are essential to contract smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. They enter these cells through voltage-dependent calcium channels, specifically L-type calcium channels in the cell membrane. These L-type calcium channels are integral to the excitation-contraction coupling process in smooth muscle. When a stimulus is received by smooth muscle cells, their membrane depolarizes. This alteration in membrane potential instigates the opening of L-type calcium channels. As a result,...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

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Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
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Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine01:25

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine

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Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Oestrogen as a calcium channel blocker

P Collins1, C M Beale, G M Rosano

  • 1Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, U.K.

European Heart Journal
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Oestrogen exhibits calcium-antagonist properties, potentially protecting postmenopausal women

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Postmenopausal women face increased cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Oestrogen influences lipid metabolism and vascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for oestrogen's calcium-antagonist properties.
  • To explore oestrogen's cardiovascular protective mechanisms in postmenopausal women.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on oestrogen and cardiovascular effects.
  • Analysis of oestrogen's impact on cholesterol metabolism and vasomotion.

Main Results:

  • Oestrogen favourably affects cholesterol metabolism, reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation.

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  • Oestrogen acts as a calcium antagonist, modulating vascular tone.

    • Conclusions:

    • Oestrogen's calcium antagonism offers potential cardiovascular benefits.
    • These benefits may extend to postmenopausal women with existing cardiovascular disease.