Periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 4, 2026

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
Published on: April 18, 2011
C Trenkwalder1, A S Walters, W Hening
1Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany.
Abstract:
The criteria that characterize restless legs syndrome (RLS) and the differential diagnoses are discussed. Clinical signs include sleep disturbance, involuntary movements in sleep or wakefulness, a normal neurologic examination, a chronic clinical course, and, in some cases, a positive family history. Periodic limb movements during sleep, which also may occur as an isolated finding, may or may not cause frequent arousals or awakenings. Clinical diagnosis of idiopathic or symptomatic forms of RLS can be supported with polysomnography. Treatment of first choice consists of dopaminergic drugs or dopamine agonist followed by opioids or benzodiazepines.
Related Concept Videos
Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
RBD is significantly associated with...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation
Sleep-Wake Cycles
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll