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Infections caused by parvovirus B19
1Infectious Diseases Program, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan 00927-5800, USA.
Abstract:
Parvovirus B19 was discovered in 1974 by Cossart et al; is a single stranded unenveloped DNA virus, which virion is isometric, uniform and has icosagedral symmetry. B19 infection has been found in all countries, it is almost certainly world-wide in distribution. Infections occurs most frequently in late winter, spring and early summer months and are transmitted by respiratory route. Erythema infectiosum is the most common manifestation of human parvovirus B19 infection, is most commonly acquired between 4 and 10 years of age and at least 60% of adults are seropositive. Erythema Infectiosum is characterized by three stages of rash that involves the face and may also involves trunk and extremities. In adult patients, particularly women, arthralgia or arthritis have been associated with up to 80% of Erythema Infectiosum casually starts in the small joints of the hand. Maternal parvovirus B19 infection with or without rash, can affect fetus. Transient aplastic crisis can be caused by HPV B19 in patient who have increased rate of RBC destruction or loss. Others diseases or symptoms complexes may be associated with B19 infection in the coming years as this virus and its infections continues being an interesting field of investigation.
Insights
Human parvovirus B19 is a widespread virus causing Erythema Infectiosum, commonly known as Fifth Disease. This infection can lead to joint pain in adults and affect fetal development.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Parvovirus B19, a single-stranded DNA virus, is globally distributed and transmitted via the respiratory route.
- Infections peak in late winter and spring, with Erythema Infectiosum being the most common manifestation.
- Over 60% of adults are seropositive, indicating widespread exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of Parvovirus B19.
- To detail its clinical manifestations, including Erythema Infectiosum and its complications.
- To highlight the ongoing relevance of Parvovirus B19 research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Parvovirus B19 research.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on B19 infection.
- Summary of clinical presentations and associated conditions.
Main Results:
- Erythema Infectiosum, characterized by a three-stage rash, is the most frequent outcome, typically affecting children aged 4-10.
- Adults, especially women, may experience arthralgia or arthritis in up to 80% of cases.
- Maternal infection poses risks to the fetus, and Parvovirus B19 can induce transient aplastic crisis.
Conclusions:
- Parvovirus B19 is a significant human pathogen with diverse clinical presentations.
- Further research is warranted to fully understand the spectrum of diseases associated with B19 infection.
- Public health awareness and continued investigation are crucial for managing B19-related illnesses.