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Related Experiment Videos

Ritonavir

A P Lea1, D Faulds

  • 1Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.

Drugs
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ritonavir, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, significantly reduces viral load and increases CD4+ cell counts. Combination therapies including ritonavir demonstrate substantial reductions in mortality and disease progression for HIV-1 patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ritonavir is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.
  • It exhibits a distinct resistance profile compared to other inhibitors like saquinavir.
  • Ritonavir enhances the bioavailability of other protease inhibitors and has predicted drug interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of ritonavir in patients with HIV-1 infection.
  • To assess the impact of ritonavir on viral load, CD4+ cell counts, mortality, and clinical progression.
  • To explore the effectiveness of combination therapies involving ritonavir.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical trials were conducted, including a large placebo-controlled trial.
  • Studies involved patients with both acute and advanced HIV-1 infection.

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  • Viral load, CD4+ cell counts, mortality, and clinical progression were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • Ritonavir treatment led to a marked reduction in viral load and an increase in CD4+ cell counts within two weeks.
    • In advanced HIV infection, ritonavir added to existing therapy reduced mortality by 43% and clinical progression by 56%.
    • Triple therapy with ritonavir, zidovudine, and either lamivudine or zalcitabine suppressed HIV viraemia to undetectable levels in most acute and some advanced cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Ritonavir is effective in reducing viral load and improving immunological markers in HIV-1 infection.
    • Combination therapy including ritonavir significantly improves survival and clinical outcomes.
    • Early data suggest combination therapy with ritonavir and saquinavir is beneficial for previously untreated patients.