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Aging and individual differences in the development of skilled memory search performance

C Hertzog1, B P Cooper, A D Fisk

  • 1School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0170, USA. psckhch@gitvml.gatech.edu

Psychology and Aging
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Older and younger adults improved memory search speed, with semantic memory access predicting performance across age groups. Automaticity mechanisms in memory search appear consistent regardless of age.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Individual differences in intellectual abilities and memory search performance were investigated.
  • Previous research suggests varying levels of automaticity in cognitive tasks.
  • Understanding age-related changes in cognitive processes like memory search is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine individual differences in intellectual abilities and memory search performance.
  • To investigate the relationship between semantic memory access, general intelligence, and memory search.
  • To determine if the mechanisms of automaticity in memory search are age-invariant.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (old and young) completed a pure memory search task over five sessions.

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  • Measures of intellectual abilities, including semantic memory access speed and general intelligence, were assessed.
  • Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between variables.

    • Main Results:

    • Both age groups showed significant improvements in memory search performance under consistently mapped (CM) conditions compared to varied mapping (VM).
    • Initial memory search performance correlated with semantic memory access speed and general intelligence.
    • Semantic memory access remained a strong predictor of skilled CM search performance across both age groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Qualitative differences exist in automaticity between memory search and visual search.
    • The mechanisms underlying automaticity in memory search appear to be age-invariant.
    • Semantic memory access plays a critical role in memory search performance, irrespective of age.