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Hypertension in Pima Indians: prevalence and predictors
M P de Courten1, D J Pettitt, W C Knowler
1Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA.
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
|January 1, 1996
Summary
Hypertension is more prevalent in Pima adults with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. Relative weight is the strongest predictor of blood pressure in children and adolescents.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- The Pima Indians exhibit the world's highest incidence of diabetes.
- A longitudinal epidemiological study has monitored diabetes and its complications in this population since 1965.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlation between hypertension prevalence and glucose tolerance in Pima adults and children.
- To identify predictors of blood pressure in Pima children and adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of 4315 adults (≥18 years) and 2667 children (6-17 years) for glucose tolerance and hypertension.
- Longitudinal analysis of 188 children (ages 5-9 at baseline) with follow-up exams at ages 18-24.
Main Results:
- In adults, hypertension prevalence increased with poorer glucose tolerance: 24% (normal), 34% (impaired glucose tolerance), and 40% (diabetes).
- Hypertension was more common in men, positively related to obesity, and associated with older age and worse glucose tolerance in children.
- In children, relative weight was the strongest predictor of mean blood pressure at follow-up.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension is significantly associated with glucose intolerance and diabetes in the Pima population.
- Obesity and relative weight are key factors influencing blood pressure in Pima children and adolescents.